Spruce and Fir Forests
Fir forests

Abies fraseri / (Rhododendron catawbiense, Rhododendron carolinianum) Forest (CEGL006308)
Abies fraseri / Viburnum lantanoides / Dryopteris campyloptera - Oxalis montana / Hylocomium splendens Forest (CEGL006049)

Spruce forests
Picea rubens - (Abies fraseri) / Vaccinium erythrocarpum / Oxalis montana - Dryopteris campyloptera / Hylocomium splendens Forest (CEGL007131)
Picea rubens - (Abies fraseri) / (Rhododendron catawbiense, Rhododendron maximum) Forest (CEGL007130)
Picea rubens / Ribes glandulosum Forest (CEGL007128)
Picea rubens - Tsuga canadensis / Rhododendron maximum Forest (CEGL006272)
Picea rubens - (Betula alleghaniensis, Aesculus flava) / Viburnum lantanoides / Oxalis montana - Solidago glomerata Forest (CEGL006256)
Picea rubens / Rhododendron maximum Forest (CEGL006152)
Picea rubens - (Betula alleghaniensis, Aesculus flava) / Rhododendron (maximum, catawbiense) Forest (CEGL004983)


Northern hardwood forests
Beech gaps & slopes

Fagus grandifolia / Ageratina altissima var. roanensis Forest (CEGL006246)
Fagus grandifolia / Carex pensylvanica - Carex brunnescens Forest (CEGL006130)

Birch - beech - maple forests
Betula alleghaniensis - Fagus grandifolia - Aesculus flava / Viburnum lantanoides / Eurybia chlorolepis - Dryopteris intermedia Forest (CEGL007285)
Aesculus flava - Betula alleghaniensis - Acer saccharum / Acer spicatum / Caulophyllum thalictroides - Laportea canadensis Forest (CEGL004973)

Boulderfields
Betula alleghaniensis / Ribes glandulosum / Polypodium appalachianum Forest (CEGL006124)
Betula alleghaniensis / Acer spicatum / Hydrangea arborescens - Ribes cynosbati / Dryopteris marginalis Forest (CEGL004982)

High-elevation oak forests
Quercus rubra / (Vaccinium simulatum, Rhododendron calendulaceum) / (Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Thelypteris noveboracensis) Forest (CEGL007300)
Quercus rubra / (Kalmia latifolia, Rhododendron maximum) / Galax urceolata Forest (CEGL007299)
Quercus rubra / Carex pensylvanica - Ageratina altissima var. roanensis Forest (CEGL007298)
Quercus alba / Kalmia latifolia Forest (CEGL007295)


Montane acid mesic forests
Acidic cove forests

Tsuga canadensis - Liriodendron tulipifera - Betula lenta / Rhododendron maximum Forest (CEGL007543)
Acer rubrum var. rubrum - Nyssa sylvatica - Magnolia fraseri - Oxydendrum arboreum / (Rhododendron maximum, Kalmia latifolia) Forest (CEGL008558)
Tsuga canadensis - Halesia tetraptera - (Fagus grandifolia, Magnolia fraseri) / Rhododendron maximum / Dryopteris intermedia Forest (CEGL007693)

Hemlock forests
Tsuga canadensis / Rhododendron maximum - (Clethra acuminata, Leucothoe fontanesiana) Forest (CEGL007136)
Tsuga canadensis - Betula alleghaniensis / Rhododendron maximum / Leucothoe fontanesiana Forest (CEGL007861)
Pinus strobus - Tsuga canadensis / Rhododendron maximum - (Leucothoe fontanesiana) Forest (CEGL007102)


Montane rich mesic forests
Rich cove forests
Tilia americana var. heterophylla - Fraxinus americana - (Ulmus rubra) / Sanguinaria canadensis - (Aquilegia canadensis, Asplenium rhizophyllum) Forest (CEGL007711)
Liriodendron tulipifera - Tilia americana var. heterophylla - (Aesculus flava) / Actaea racemosa Forest (CEGL007291)
Liriodendron tulipifera - Aesculus flava - (Fraxinus americana, Tilia americana var. heterophylla) / Actaea racemosa - Laportea canadensis Forest (CEGL007710)
Aesculus flava - Acer saccharum - (Fraxinus americana, Tilia americana) / Hydrophyllum canadense - Solidago flexicaulis Forest (CEGL007695)

Mesic oak - hickory forests
Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Quercus prinus / Collinsonia canadensis - Podophyllum peltatum - Sanguinaria canadensis Forest (CEGL007692)


Montane dry-mesic oak forests
Calcareous dry-mesic forests
Quercus muehlenbergii - Juglans nigra / Asarum canadense - Polymnia canadensis Forest (CEGL007215)

Dry-mesic oak forests
Quercus alba - Quercus (rubra, prinus) / Rhododendron calendulaceum - Kalmia latifolia - (Gaylussacia ursina) Forest (CEGL007230)
Castanea dentata - Quercus rubra Forest (CEGL007286)
Pinus strobus - Quercus alba - (Carya alba) / Gaylussacia ursina Forest (CEGL007517)
Quercus alba - Quercus coccinea - Quercus falcata / Kalmia latifolia - Vaccinium pallidum Forest (CEGL007691)
Quercus rubra - Acer rubrum / Calycanthus floridus - Pyrularia pubera / Thelypteris noveboracensis Forest (CEGL006192)

Chestnut oak forests
Quercus prinus - (Quercus rubra) - Carya spp. / Oxydendrum arboreum - Cornus florida Forest (CEGL007267)
Quercus prinus - Quercus rubra / Rhododendron maximum / Galax urceolata Forest (CEGL006286)
Quercus prinus - Quercus velutina / Oxydendrum arboreum - Cornus florida Forest (CEGL008522)
Quercus (prinus, coccinea) / Kalmia latifolia / (Galax urceolata, Gaultheria procumbens) Forest (CEGL006271)
Castanea dentata - Quercus prinus Forest (CEGL007196)


Montane xeric forests
Carolina hemlock forests

Tsuga caroliniana / Kalmia latifolia - Rhododendron catawbiense Forest (CEGL007139)
Tsuga caroliniana - (Tsuga canadensis) / Rhododendron maximum Forest (CEGL007138)
Tsuga caroliniana - Pinus (rigida, pungens, virginiana) Forest (CEGL006178)

Shortleaf pine - oak forests
Pinus echinata - Quercus alba / Vaccinium pallidum / Hexastylis arifolia - Chimaphila maculata Forest (CEGL008427)
Pinus echinata - Quercus (prinus, falcata) / Oxydendrum arboreum / Vaccinium pallidum Forest (CEGL007493)
Pinus echinata / Vaccinium (pallidum, stamineum) - Kalmia latifolia Forest (CEGL007078)
Pinus echinata - Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica / Vaccinium pallidum Woodland (CEGL003765)
Pinus echinata - Quercus prinus / Rhododendron minus / Vaccinium pallidum Forest (CEGL007496)

Table mountain pine / pitch pine forests & woodlands
Pinus virginiana - Pinus (rigida, echinata) - (Quercus prinus) / Vaccinium pallidum Forest (CEGL007119)
Pinus virginiana - (Pinus rigida, Pinus pungens) / Schizachyrium scoparium Forest (CEGL008500)
Pinus pungens - Pinus rigida - (Quercus prinus) / Kalmia latifolia - Vaccinium pallidum Woodland (CEGL007097)
Pinus rigida - (Pinus pungens) / Rhododendron catawbiense - Kalmia latifolia / Galax urceolata Woodland (CEGL004985)

White pine & white pine - oak forests
Pinus strobus - Quercus (coccinea, prinus) / (Gaylussacia ursina, Vaccinium stamineum) Forest (CEGL007519)
Pinus strobus / Kalmia latifolia - (Vaccinium stamineum, Gaylussacia ursina) Forest (CEGL007100)


Montane cultural / successional / exotic forests
Alien-dominated forests

Ailanthus altissima Forest (CEGL007191)
Paulownia tomentosa Woodland (CEGL003687)

Successional forests
Pinus echinata Early Successional Forest (CEGL006327)
Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana - (Quercus spp.) Forest (CEGL007124)
Pinus virginiana Successional Forest (CEGL002591)
Robinia pseudoacacia Forest (CEGL007279)
Pinus strobus Successional Forest (CEGL007944)
Liriodendron tulipifera - Acer rubrum - Robinia pseudoacacia Forest (CEGL007219)

Timber plantations
Pinus taeda Planted Forest (CEGL007179)
Pinus echinata Planted Forest (CEGL007169)
Pinus virginiana Planted Forest (CEGL004730)
Pinus strobus Planted Forest (CEGL007178)
Pinus resinosa Planted Forest (CEGL007177)
Picea abies Planted Forest (CEGL007167)

 

Vegetation of the Carolinas

Montane Upland Forests